postgresql source code install

前言

因為工作需要最近在研究 postgresql DB，postgresql DB 是一個 Open Source RDBMS，所以有任何問題疑問都可以把 source code 下載並 debug 了解原因，本篇希望可以快速幫助想要透過 source code 安裝 postgresql DB 的人

Install Postgresl

假如你跟我一樣是 Ubuntu 在安裝前需要先把開發環境設定完畢，詳細資訊可參考 Postgresql Compile_and_Install_from_source_code

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install build-essential libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libssl-dev libxml2-utils xsltproc ccache

我們可以透過 FTP Source Code 要安裝 postgres source code 版本

假如我是要安裝 v12.9 的 postgres 版本，我會跑下面命令下載 source code & 解壓縮

解壓縮完畢後，應該會在該目錄看到一個該版號資料夾裡面存放的就是該版本使用 Postgresql source code.

wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.9/postgresql-12.9.tar.gz
tar xvfz postgresql-12.9.tar.gz

cd postgresql-12.9

利用 source code 安裝 postgres

configure：透過參數設定 postgres 相關設定 & 安裝位置….
make：透過 Makefile 安裝 postgres db

./configure

make & make install

PostgreSQL ./configure options

–prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. Default installation location is /usr/local/pgsql
–enable-integer-datetimes enable 64-bit integer date/time support
–enable-nls[=LANGUAGES] enable Native Language Support
–disable-shared do not build shared libraries
–disable-rpath do not embed shared library search path in executables
–disable-spinlocks do not use spinlocks
–enable-debug build with debugging symbols (-g)
–enable-profiling build with profiling enabled
–enable-dtrace build with DTrace support
–enable-depend turn on automatic dependency tracking
–enable-cassert enable assertion checks (for debugging)
–enable-thread-safety make client libraries thread-safe
–enable-thread-safety-force force thread-safety despite thread test failure
–disable-largefile omit support for large files
–with-docdir=DIR install the documentation in DIR [PREFIX/doc]
–without-docdir do not install the documentation
–with-includes=DIRS look for additional header files in DIRS
–with-libraries=DIRS look for additional libraries in DIRS
–with-libs=DIRS alternative spelling of –with-libraries
–with-pgport=PORTNUM change default port number [5432]
–with-tcl build Tcl modules (PL/Tcl)
–with-tclconfig=DIR tclConfig.sh is in DIR
–with-perl build Perl modules (PL/Perl)
–with-python build Python modules (PL/Python)
–with-gssapi build with GSSAPI support
–with-krb5 build with Kerberos 5 support
–with-krb-srvnam=NAME default service principal name in Kerberos [postgres]
–with-pam build with PAM support
–with-ldap build with LDAP support
–with-bonjour build with Bonjour support
–with-openssl build with OpenSSL support
–without-readline do not use GNU Readline nor BSD Libedit for editing
–with-libedit-preferred prefer BSD Libedit over GNU Readline
–with-ossp-uuid use OSSP UUID library when building contrib/uuid-ossp
–with-libxml build with XML support
–with-libxslt use XSLT support when building contrib/xml2
–with-system-tzdata=DIR use system time zone data in DIR
–without-zlib do not use Zlib
–with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]

假如在 ./configure 沒有特別設定 –prefix 檔案位置預設為 /usr/local/pgsql/

所以我們可以透過下面命令查看安裝結果是否正確

# ls -l /usr/local/pgsql/
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  2 root     root     4096 Sep  2 09:21 bin
drwx------ 19 postgres postgres 4096 Sep  2 09:23 data
drwxr-xr-x  6 root     root     4096 Sep  2 09:21 include
drwxr-xr-x  4 root     root     4096 Sep  2 09:21 lib
drwxr-xr-x  6 root     root     4096 Sep  2 09:21 share

建立 postgres user

建立一個 postgres user 並給密碼

# adduser postgres

# passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

初始化 postgres data 路徑

建立一個資料夾並把權限設定給剛剛建立 postgres user

因為該使用者需要有權限寫入此資料夾

mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data

user mode 切換成 postgres user，並利用 initdb 初始化資料庫

# su - postgres
# /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/

查看 /usr/local/pgsql/data 資料夾應該會有如下檔案

ls -l /usr/local/pgsql/data
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres     3 Aug 31 06:02 PG_VERSION
drwx------ 6 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:03 base
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Sep  2 07:47 global
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_commit_ts
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_dynshmem
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres  4760 Aug 31 06:02 pg_hba.conf
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres  1636 Aug 31 06:02 pg_ident.conf
drwx------ 4 postgres postgres  4096 Sep  1 09:23 pg_logical
drwx------ 4 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_multixact
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Sep  2 07:46 pg_notify
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_replslot
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_serial
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_snapshots
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Sep  2 07:46 pg_stat
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Sep  2 07:50 pg_stat_tmp
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_subtrans
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_tblspc
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_twophase
drwx------ 3 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 08:05 pg_wal
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres  4096 Aug 31 06:02 pg_xact
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres    88 Aug 31 06:02 postgresql.auto.conf
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 26720 Aug 31 06:02 postgresql.conf
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres    59 Sep  2 07:46 postmaster.opts
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres    87 Sep  2 07:46 postmaster.pid

啟動 postgres db

最後利用 postgres user 執行 postmaster 啟動 postgres db

$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
[1] 7936

啟動完畢後可以利用 psql 進入 postgres 操作 db

#/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql

psql (12.12)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

小結

希望透過這邊文章可以幫助大家，利用 postgres source code 安裝 db 環境，並進行 debug & 調式，詳細文章可以參考官網 Installation from Source Code

此文作者：Daniel Shih(石頭)
此文地址： https://isdaniel.github.io/postgresql-debug-source-code/
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